The Project

CLaSSES is a database that is specifically designed to elicit information for a systematic analysis of spelling variation in Latin inscriptions. It was developed by the Research Unit at the University of Pisa (Principal Investigator: Giovanna Marotta; Collaborators: Serena Barchi, Francesca Cotugno, Irene De Felice, Margherita Donati, Francesco Rovai, Lucia Tamponi) that worked within the research project Linguistic representations of identity. Sociolinguistic models and historical linguistics (PRIN2010, prot. 2010HXPFF2_001; see http://www.mediling.eu/ for further information).

The corpus is intended as a resource for linguistic studies that aim to investigate the possible correlations between the range of spelling variations in Latin epigraphic sources and the complexity of the sociolinguistic context.


Sources

The non-literary texts comprised in the database were retrieved from the sources reported below.

Rome and Italy

  • Lommatzsch, E. (1918, ed.), CIL I² 2,1: Inscriptiones vetustissimae, De Gruyter, Berlin.

  • Lommatzsch, E. (1931, ed.), CIL I² 2,2: Addenda Nummi Indices. Addenda ad inscriptiones vetustissimas, De Gruyter, Berlin.

  • Lommatzsch, E. (1943, ed.), CIL I² 2,3: Addenda altera Indices. Addenda ad inscriptiones vetustissimas, De Gruyter, Berlin.

  • Degrassi, A. & Krummrey, J. (1986, eds.), CIL I² 2,4: Addenda tertia. Addenda ad inscriptiones vetustissimas, De Gruyter, Berlin.

  • Dressel, H. (1899 [1969]), CIL XV, 2: Inscriptiones urbis Romae Latinae. Instrumentum domesticum, Reimer, Berlin.

  • Gordon, J. & Gordon, A. (1958), Album of dated Latin inscriptions. Vol. 1, Berkeley-Los Angeles, University of California Press.

  • Panciera, S. et al. (1991), Epigrafia. Actes du Colloque international d’épigraphie latine en mémoire de Attilio Degrassi pour le centenaire de sa naissance, Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’ / École Française de Rome, Roma.

  • Degrassi, A. (1957, 1963), Inscriptiones latinae liberae rei publicae, La Nuova Italia, Firenze.

  • Wachter, R. (1987), Altlateinische Inschriften. Sprachliche und epigraphische Untersuchungen zu den Dokumenten bis etwa 150 v. Chr., Peter Lang, Bern-Frankfurt am Main-New York-Paris.

  • Warmington, E.H. (1940), Remains of Old Latin. Vol. 4: Archaic inscriptions, Harvard University Press-Heinemann, Cambridge MA-London.

Online resources:

  • Epigraphische Datenbank Clauss-Slaby: www.manfredclauss.de

  • Epigraphische Datenbank Heidelberg: edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de

  • EDR - Epigraphic Database Roma: www.edr-edr.it

Within the large amount of epigraphic texts available in these volumes and corpora, the following documents have been excluded: inscriptions composed of single letters and initials; coin legends; legal texts, due to their high degree of archaism and formulaicity; the inscriptions from the necropolis of Praeneste, as containing anthroponyms in nominative form almost exclusively

Roman Britain

  • Bowman A. K. & Thomas, J. D. (1983), Vindolanda: The Latin Writing Tablets. London, Britannia Monographs 4, London Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies.

  • Bowman A. K. & Thomas, J. D. (1994), The Vindolanda Writing Tablets (Tabulae Vindolandenses II). London, British Museum Press.

  • Bowman A. K. & Thomas, J. D. (2003), The Vindolanda Writing Tablets (Tabulae Vindolandenses III). London, British Museum Press.

  • Bowman A. K., Thomas J. D. & Tomlin, R. S. O. (2010), The Vindolanda writing-tablets (Tabulae Vindolandenses IV part 1), «Britannia» 41, pp. 187-224.

  • Bowman A. K., Thomas J. D. & Tomlin, R. S. O. (2011), The Vindolanda writing-tablets (Tabulae Vindolandenses IV part 2), «Britannia» 42, pp. 113-144.

Online resources:

NB: for possible differences between the text presented in CLaSSES and that of such sources, see Cotugno, F. (forth.). Vindolanda’s tablets. Ph.D. thesis, University of Pisa.

Egypt and Eastern Mediterranean

  • Cugusi, P. (1992a), Corpus Epistularum Latinarum Papyris Ostracis Tabulis servatarum, vol. I, Textus. Firenze, Gonnelli.

  • Cugusi, P. (1992b), Corpus Epistularum Latinarum Papyris Ostracis Tabulis servatarum, vol. II, Commentarius. Firenze, Gonnelli.

  • Cugusi, P. (2002), Corpus Epistularum Latinarum Papyris Ostracis Tabulis servatarum, vol. III, Addenda, Corrigenda, Indices rerum, Index verborum omnium. Firenze, Gonnelli.

  • Marichal, R. (1992), Les ostraca de Bu Njem, Tripoli.

Online resources:

  • Papyri.info: http://papyri.info/

  • Trismegistos: http://www.trismegistos.org/

Sardinia

  • Mommsen, T. (1883, ed.). Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, vol. X Inscriptiones Bruttiorum, Lucaniae, Campaniae, Siciliae, Sardiniae latinae, fasc. I, sezione Pars posterior inscriptiones Siciliae et Sardiniae comprehendens.

  • Ihm, M. (1899). Additamenta ad Corporis vol. IX et X. In Ephemeris epigraphica. Corporis inscriptionum Latinarum supplementum, edita iussu Instituti archaeologici Romani, vol. VIII. Berlin: George Reimer, 1-22.

  • Sotgiu, G. (1961). Iscrizioni Latine della Sardegna (Supplemento al Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, X e all’Ephemeris Epigraphica, VIII). Vol. I. Padova: CEDAM.

  • Sotgiu, G. (1968). Iscrizioni Latine della Sardegna, II: Instrumentum domesticum. I. Lucerne. Padova: CEDAM.

  • Sotgiu, G. (1988). L’epigrafia latina in Sardegna dopo il C.I.L. X e l’E.E. VIII. In Temporini, H. and Haase, W. (1988), Aufstieg und Niedergang der ròˆmischen Welt (ANRW), II: Principat, 11.1. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter (sections B ‘iscrizioni venute alla luce e pubblicate dopo il lavoro di G. Sotgiu o comunque non comprese in esso’ and E ‘iscrizioni inedite’).

  • Corda, A.M. (1999). Le iscrizioni cristiane della Sardegna anteriori al VII secolo. Città del Vaticano: Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana.

  • Floris, P. (2005). Le iscrizioni funerarie pagane di Karales. Cagliari: Edizioni AV.